A global investigation into every coal-fired power plant proposed in the last five years shows that only one in three of them has actually been built.
Researchers say that for each new plant constructed somewhere in the world, two more have been shelved or cancelled. They say this rate is significantly higher in Europe, South Asia, Latin America and Africa. In India, since 2012, six plants have been cancelled for each one built.
Coal use has also shrunk significantly. In China it fell in 2014 for the first time for 14 years, while the economy grew by 7.3 percent. From 2003 to 2014, the amount of coal-fired generating capacity retired in the U.S. and the European Union exceeded new capacity by 22 percent.
But it is more than simply a question of the number of plants being built (or not). The report says, “The amount of new coal-fired generating capacity in the proposal pipeline worldwide dropped from 1,401 GW in 2012 to 1,080 GW in 2014, a 23 percent decline” (one GW, or gigawatt, would supply enough electricity for 750,000 to 1 million typical U.S. homes).
Against this, concentrations of planned new coal plants can still be found in Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia, Poland, some Balkan countries and Japan. Germany is one country that continues to burn large quantities of coal, including lignite. And global coal consumption grew by 3 percent in 2013, well below the 10-year average of 3.9 percent, but it is still the fastest-growing fossil fuel.
Ted Nace of CoalSwarm, a network of researchers who study coal’s impacts and alternatives to it, said, “What’s striking is how quickly the business climate has turned against coal since 2012. Because these projects require large capital outlays, they’re vulnerable to rising perceptions of risk.”
The report, Boom and Bust: Tracking The Global Coal Plant Pipeline, by the Sierra Club and CoalSwarm, details the findings of research into every proposed coal-fired power plant worldwide since 2010. The data in the report will be continuously updated on the Global Coal Plant Tracker website.
The report’s findings suggest strongly that the market for coal is contracting, but the authors acknowledge that the trend will have to accelerate if the world is to avoid crossing the internationally agreed threshold that is thought able to prevent dangerous climate change.
The International Energy Agency is among those warning that, to keep global warming from rising beyond the agreed maximum of 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, no more than one-third of proven reserves of fossil fuels can be burned before 2050.
A recent report from University College London found that, globally, to stay within 2 degrees Celsius, 82 percent of coal reserves must be left underground, 49 percent of gas and 33 percent of oil reserves. “Boom and Bust” argues that, even if the trend of two coal plant proposals halted for every plant built continues, the remaining one-third will account for nearly all of the greenhouse gases that can be emitted before climate change crosses the 2 degree Celsius threshold.
Luke Sussams, senior researcher of the Carbon Tracker Initiative, said, “Existing global coal-fired power plant capacity will already swallow four-fifths of the 2 degrees Celsius carbon budget over its lifetime, leaving no room for burning the world’s oil and gas.
“This fundamental contradiction means investors must assess their exposure to coal plants that are most at risk of becoming stranded in a carbon-constrained world, and steer clear of funding any new coal plants altogether.”
Analysis by Carbon Tracker has also identified major financial risks for investors in coal producers around the world, with $112 billion worth of investments in future coal mine expansion and development that will not be needed under lower demand forecasts.
The Sierra Club and CoalSwarm say that, as attention focuses on the UN climate negotiations in Paris in December, new and existing coal plants must be phased out, with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries giving a lead. Countries should undertake to end subsidies and policies that favor coal and focus instead on clean energy.
The report says that not only is coal the most carbon-intensive way of generating electricity, but the fine-particle pollution it causes kills an estimated 800,000 people prematurely every year, with China thought to account for 670,000 of these deaths and India accounting for 80,000-115,000.
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